ABSTRACT

The Patriarchy Ideology Revealing of Tatawicara Text
in Javanese Wedding Ceremony

Naturally, there is a difference between man and woman that can be identified from the physical feature and the voice. Besides, this difference is also applied in the use of language, such as the choice of words, phrases, and clauses showing unequal relationship between them. In language there is a phenomenon of oppression and injustice of woman by man. It happens continuously and is considered to be legal by the community, so that it seems natural. It is a reflection of a culture that legitimizes the power of man towards woman in the case of language choice in the society. In Javanese, there is patriarchy culture which puts man’s position above the woman’s. The expressions such as “macak”,” manak”, and “masak” as well as “kanca wingking” refer to woman stereotype that shows her role in domestic domain and as companion of husband only. Those expressions show the way Javanese society observes the world or reflects Javanese ideology concerning the position of man and woman. “Tata wicara” speeches in Javanesse wedding ceremony are full of expressions showing unfairness of role between man and woman. Based on those facts, this research tries to explore what speeches showing patriarchy ideology in order to show knowledge or belief, relation, and social identity of man and woman in Javanese culture. To establish the relation between speech as a social practice and culture, critical discourse analysis is applied to identify the Javanese ideology.
The methods of the research are method of collecting data, method of analyzing data, and method of presenting data. In the method of collecting data, documentation is a method that is applied to collect the documented “tata wicara” speeches. The data are the words, phrases, and clauses showing patriarchy in Javanese culture. In method of analyzing data, the writer uses description method to analyze the linguistic feature of the data. Besides, interpretation method are also applied to explore the process of text production and interpretation. The explanation method is also needed to support the analysis related to the social and culture context. In method of presenting data, the researcher uses informal method, because the data are not presented in symbol, but in the form of words.
The result of the research shows that there are patriarchy ideologies of Javanese performing an unequal role of man and woman in marriage institution. Those are the ideology of the man’s superiority and woman’s inferiority that consist of power, man’s grandeur, man’s strength, woman passive personal in marriage institution, putting man forward, showing off man’s role, and woman negative characteristic ideology. Besides, there is woman binding ideology in family, society, and religion institution.

Key words: patriarchy, gender, critical discourse analysis, ideology

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